Convention signed at Sydney August 6, 1982;Transmitted by the President of the United States of America to the Senate September 14, 1982 (Treaty Doc. No.97-28, 97th Cong., 2d Sess.); 　　Reported favorably by the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations July 11, 1983 (S. Ex. Rept.No.98-16, 98th Cong., 1st Sess.); 　　Advice and consent to ratification by the Senate July 27, 1983; 　　Ratified by the President August 23, 1983; 　　Ratified by Australia October 19, 1983; 　　Ratifications exchanged at Washington October 31, 1983; 　　Proclaimed by the President December 5, 1983; 　　Entered into force October 31, 1983. GENERAL EFFECTIVE DATE UNDER ARTICLE 28: 1 DECEMBER 1983 TABLE OF ARTICLES Article 1---------------------------------Personal Scope Article 2 --------------------------------Taxes Covered Article 3 --------------------------------General Definitions Article 4 --------------------------------Residence Article 5 --------------------------------Permanent Establishment Article 6 --------------------------------Income from Real Property Article 7 --------------------------------Business Profits Article 8 --------------------------------Shipping and Air Transport Article 9 --------------------------------Associated Enterprises Article 10 -------------------------------Dividends Article 11 -------------------------------Interest Article 12 -------------------------------Royalties Article 13 -------------------------------Alienation of Property Article 14 -------------------------------Independent Personal Services Article 15 -------------------------------Dependent Personal Services Article 16 -------------------------------Limitation on Benefits Article 17 -------------------------------Entertainers Article 18 -------------------------------Pensions, Annuities, Alimony and Child Support Article 19 ------------------- -----------Governmental Remuneration Article 20 -------------------------------Students Article 21 -------------------------------Income Not Expressly Mentioned Article 22 -------------------------------Relief from Double Taxation Article 23 -------------------------------Non-Discrimination Article 24 -------------------------------Mutual Agreement Procedure Article 25 -------------------------------Exchange of Information Article 26 -------------------------------Diplomatic and Consular Privileges Article 27 -------------------------------Miscellaneous Article 28 -------------------------------Entry into Force Article 29 -------------------------------Termination Letter of Submittal---------------------of 17 August, 1982 Letter of Transmittal-------------------of 14 September, 1982 The "Saving Clause"-------------------Paragraph 3 of Article 1 　　 TAX CONVENTION WITH AUSTRALIA MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES TRANSMITTING THE CONVENTION BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF AUSTRALIA FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION AND THE PREVENTION OF FISCAL EVASION WITH RESPECT TO TAXES ON INCOME, SIGNED AT SYDNEY ON AUGUST 6, 1982 LETTER OF SUBMITTAL DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Washington, August 17, 1982. THE PRESIDENT, The White House. THE PRESIDENT: I have the honor to submit to you, with a view to its transmission to the Senate for advice and consent to ratification, the Convention between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Australia for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, signed at Sydney on August 6, 1982. 　　The Convention is based to a large extent on the United States draft model income tax convention published by the Department of the Treasury in June 1981 and the OECD model published in January 1977. It takes into account changes in the income tax laws and tax treaty policies of the two countries. 　　With respect to taxes on investment income, the Convention provides that the tax at source may not exceed 15 percent on dividends and 10 percent on interest and royalties. 　　At the request of the United States, the Convention includes a provision permitting either Contracting State to tax gains derived by a resident of the other State on the disposition of an interest in real property located in the first State. 　　In addition, the Convention allows the taxation of business profits in certain cases beyond those covered in the United States model by providing a somewhat broader definition of the term "permanent establishment." For example, a building site becomes a permanent establishment if it exists for more than 9 months (rather than the 12 months stipulated in the United States model) and supervisory activities carried on in connection with a building site for more than 9 out of 24 months constitute a permanent establishment. The use of a rig or ship for 6 out of 24 months in connection with the exploration or extraction of natural resources also constitutes a permanent establishment. 　　The rules governing the taxation of remuneration for personal services are similar to those of other United States tax treaties. 　　The Convention introduces a new article on nondiscrimination not found in the existing convention. This article, by its terms, will not apply to income tax laws reasonably designed to prevent the avoidance or evasion of taxes, or to tax provisions which are in force on the date of signature of the Convention (or subsequently enacted, but substantially similar in general purpose or intent to those already in force). Except for provisions in force on the date of signature, the nondiscrimination article will apply even to the above types of tax provisions, however, where such provisions (other than ones in international agreements) discriminate between citizens or residents of the other Contracting State and those of any third State. If either country considers that taxation measures adopted by the other country infringe upon these principles, the competent authorities of the two countries will endeavor to resolve the issue. 　　The Convention will enter into force upon the exchange of instruments of ratification and its provisions will take effect as of the first day of the second month following that date. The 1953 convention will cease to apply when the new Convention takes effect. 　　A technical memorandum explaining in detail the provisions of the Convention is being prepared by the Department of the Treasury and will be submitted to the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. 　　The Department of the Treasury, with the cooperation of the Department of State, was primarily responsible for the negotiation of the Convention. It has the approval of both Departments. Respectfully submitted, 　　 GEORGE P. SHULTZ. 　　　　　　　 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 　　 THE WHITE HOUSE, September 14, 1982. To the Senate o/ the United States: 　　I transmit herewith, for Senate advice and consent to ratification, the Convention between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Australia for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income signed at Sydney on August 6, 1982. I also transmit the report of the Department of State on the Convention. 　　The Convention, based on the OECD and draft United States model income tax conventions, takes into account changes in the income tax laws and tax treaty policies of the two countries. It provides limits on the tax at source with respect to taxes on investment income and provides rules for the taxation of capital gains, business profits, personal service income and other income. It also specifies the method used to avoid double taxation and provides for administrative cooperation between the tax officials of　the two countries to avoid double taxation and prevent fiscal evasion. 　　I recommend that the Senate give early and favorable consideration to the Convention and give advice and consent to its ratification. 　　　　RONALD REAGAN. 　　　　　　　　BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 　　　　　 A PROCLAMATION CONSIDERING THAT: 　　The Convention between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Australia for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income was signed at Sydney on August 6, 1982, the text of which is hereto annexed; 　　The Senate of the United States of America by its resolution of July 27, 1983, two-thirds of the Senators present concurring therein, gave its advice and consent to ratification of the Convention; 　　The Convention was ratified by the President of the United States of America on August 23, 1983, in pursuance of the advice and consent of the Senate, and was ratified on the part of Australia; 　　The instruments of ratification of the Convention were exchanged at Washington on October 31, 1983, and accordingly the Convention entered into force on October 31, 1983, its provisions to have effect as specified in Article 28; 　　NOW, THEREFORE, I, Ronald Reagan, President of the United States of America, proclaim and make public the Convention to the end that it be observed and fulfilled with good faith on and after October 31, 1983, by the United States of America and by the citizens of the United States of America and all other persons subject to the jurisdiction thereof. 　　IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, I have signed this proclamation and caused the Seal of the United States of America to be affixed. 　　DONE at the city of Washington this fifth day of December in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred eighty-three and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred eighth. 　By the President: 　RONALD REAGAN GEORGE P. SHULTZ Secretary of State