TAXATION CONVENTION WITH AUSTRIA MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES TRANSMITTING CONVENTION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION AND THE PREVENTION OF FISCAL EVASION WITH RESPECT TO TAXES ON INCOME, SIGNED AT VIENNA ON MAY 31, 1996. GENERAL EFFECTIVE DATE UNDER ARTICLE 28: 1 JANUARY 1999 TABLE OF ARTICLES Article 1----------------------------------Personal Scope Article 2----------------------------------Taxes Covered Article 3----------------------------------General Definitions Article 4----------------------------------Resident Article 5----------------------------------Permanent Establishment Article 6----------------------------------Income from Real Property Article 7----------------------------------Business Profits Article 8----------------------------------Shipping and Air Transport Article 9----------------------------------Associated Enterprises Article 10--------------------------------Dividends Article 11--------------------------------Interest Article 12--------------------------------Royalties Article 13--------------------------------Capital Gains Article 14--------------------------------Independent Personal Services Article 15--------------------------------Dependent Personal Services Article 16--------------------------------Limitation on Benefits Article 17--------------------------------Artistes and Athletes Article 18--------------------------------Pensions Article 19--------------------------------Government Service Article 20--------------------------------Students and Trainees Article 21--------------------------------Other Income Article 22--------------------------------Relief from Double Taxation Article 23--------------------------------Non-Discrimination Article 24--------------------------------Mutual Agreement Procedure Article 25--------------------------------Exchange of Information and Administrative Assistance Article 26--------------------------------Diplomatic Agents and Consular Officers Article 27--------------------------------Application of the Convention Article 28--------------------------------Entry into Force Article 29--------------------------------Termination Letter of Submittal---------------------of 30 August, 1996 Letter of Transmittal-------------------of 4 September, 1996 Note of Exchange 1--------------------of 31 May, 1996 Memorandum of Understanding-----of 31 May, 1996 Note of Exchange 2--------------------of 31 May, 1996 The "Saving Clause"-------------------Paragraph 4 of Article 1 LETTER OF SUBMITTAL DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Washington, August 30, 1996. The PRESIDENT, The White House. 　　THE PRESIDENT: I have the honor to submit to you, with a view to its transmission to the Senate for advice and consent to ratification, the Convention Between the United States of America and the Republic of Austria for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, signed at Vienna on May 31, 1996 ("the Convention"). Also enclosed for the information of the Senate is an exchange of notes with an attached Memorandum of Understanding, which provides clarification with respect to the application of the Convention in specified cases. 　　This Convention will replace the existing Convention Between the United States of America and the Republic of Austria for the Avoidance of Double Taxation with Respect to Taxes on Income signed on October 25, 1956. The new Convention maintains many provisions of the existing convention, but it also provides certain additional benefits and updates the text to reflect current tax treaty policies. 　　This Convention is similar to the tax treaties between the United States and other OECD nations. It provides maximum rates of tax to be applied to various types of income, protection from double taxation of income, exchange of information to prevent fiscal evasion, and standard rules to limit the benefits of the Convention to persons that are not engaged in treaty-shopping. Like other U.S. tax conventions, this Convention provides rules specifying when income that arises in one of the countries and is derived by residents of the other country may be taxed by the country in which the income arises (the "source" country). 　　The Convention establishes maximum rates of tax that may be imposed by the source country on specified categories of income, including dividends, interest, and royalties, to residents of the other country. The withholding rates on investment income are generally the same as in the present U.S.-Austrian treaty. Dividends from direct investments (holdings by a corporation of at least ten percent of the equity of a firm) are subject to tax by the source country at a rate of five percent. All other dividends are taxable at 15 percent. These rates are the same as in many recent U.S. treaties with OECD countries. In general, interest derived and beneficially owned by a resident of a Contracting State is taxable only in that State. 　　Royalties derived and beneficially owned by a resident of a Contracting State are generally taxable only in that State. However, royalties constituting consideration for the use of, or right to use, cinematographic films, or films, tapes, or other means of reproduction used for radio or television broadcasting may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which they arise, but the tax so charged may not exceed ten percent of the gross amount of the royalties. These tax withholdings do not apply, however, if the beneficial owner of the income is a resident of one Contracting State who carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the income arises. In that situation, the income is to be considered either business profit or income from independent personal services. 　　The taxation of capital gains under the Convention is a variation on the rule in the treaty currently in force with Austria and most recent U.S. tax treaties. In most other U.S. income tax treaties, gains from the sale of personal property are taxed only in the seller's State of residence unless they are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base in the other State. Under the proposed Convention, the other State may also tax gains from the sale of personal property that is removed from a permanent establishment or fixed base, to the extent that the gains accrued while the asset formed part of a permanent establishment or fixed base. Double taxation is prevented because the residence State must exclude from its tax base any gain taxed in the other State. 　　The proposed Convention generally follows the standard rules for taxation by one country of the business profits of a resident of the other. The non-residence country's right to tax such profits is limited to cases in which the profits are attributable to a permanent establishment located in that country. 　　As do all recent U.S. treaties, this Convention preserves the right of the United States to impose its branch profits tax in addition to the basic corporate tax on a branch's business. This tax is not imposed under the present treaty. The proposed Convention also accommodates a provision of the 1986 Tax Reform Act that attributes to a permanent establishment income that is earned during the life of the permanent establishment but is deferred and not received until after the permanent establishment no longer exists. 　　Consistent with U.S. treaty policy, the proposed Convention permits only the country of residence to tax profits from international carriage by ships or airplanes and income from the use or rental of ships, aircraft, or containers. 　　Under the present treaty, such rental income is treated as royalty income, which may be taxed by the source country if the enterprise that earns the income has a permanent establishment in that country. 　　The taxation of income from the performance of personal services under the proposed Convention is essentially the same as that under other recent U.S. treaties with OECD countries. Unlike many U.S. treaties, however, the proposed Convention provides for the deductibility of cross-border contributions by temporary residents of one State to pension plans registered in the other State under limited circumstances. 　　Like other U.S. tax treaties and agreements, this Convention provides the standard anti-abuse rules for certain classes of investment income. In addition, the proposed Convention provides for the elimination of another potential abuse relating to the granting of U.S. treaty benefits in the so-called "triangular cases," to third-country permanent establishments of Austrian corporations that are exempt from tax in Austria by operation of Austrian law. Under the proposed rule, full U.S. treaty benefits will be granted in these "triangular cases" only when the U.S.- source income is subject to a significant level of tax in Austria and in the country in which the permanent establishment is located. 　　This anti-abuse rule does not apply in certain circumstances, including situations in which the United States taxes the profits of the Austrian enterprise under subpart F of the Internal Revenue Code. 　　The proposed Convention contains standard rules making its benefits unavailable to persons engaged in treatyshopping. The current treaty contains no such anti-treaty-shopping rules. The proposed Convention also contains the standard rules necessary for administering the Convention, including rules for the resolution of disputes under the Convention and for exchange of information. The proposed Convention significantly expands the scope of the exchange of information between the United States and Austria. For example, U.S. tax authorities will be given access to Austrian bank information in connection with any "penal investigation." 　　The Convention authorizes the General Accounting Office and the Tax-Writing Committees of Congress to obtain access to certain tax information exchanged under the Convention for use in their oversight of the administration of U.S. tax laws and treaties. 　　This Convention is subject to ratification. It will enter into force on the first day of the second month following the exchange of instruments of ratification and will have effect with respect to taxes withheld by the source country for payments made or credited on or after the first day of the second month following entry into force and in other cases for taxable years beginning on or after the first day of January following the date on which the Convention enters into force. When the present convention affords a more favorable result for a taxpayer than the proposed Convention, the taxpayer may elect to continue to apply the provisions of the present convention, in its entirety, for one additional year. 　　This Convention will remain in force indefinitely unless terminated by one of the Contracting States. Either State may terminate the Convention after five years from its entry into force by giving at least six months of prior notice through diplomatic channels. 　　An exchange of notes with an attached Memorandum of Understanding accompanies the Convention and provides clarification with respect to the application of the Convention in specified cases. For example, the Memorandum specifies that the term "penal investigation," in connection with which U.S. tax authorities will be given access to Austrian bank information, applies to proceedings carried out by either judicial or administrative bodies. Of particular importance in expanding the exchange of tax information with Austria is the provision in the Memorandum that commencement of a criminal investigation by the Criminal Investigation Division of the Internal Revenue Service constitutes a "penal investigation." 　　A technical memorandum explaining in detail the provisions of the Convention will be prepared by the Department of the Treasury and will be submitted separately to the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. 　　The Department of the Treasury and the Department of State cooperated in the negotiation of the Convention. It has the full approval of both Departments. Respectfully submitted, LYNN E. DAVIS. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL THE WHITE HOUSE, September 4, 1996. To the Senate of the United States: 　　I transmit herewith for Senate advice and consent to ratification the Convention Between the United States of America and the Republic of Austria for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, signed at Vienna May 31, 1996. Enclosed is an exchange of notes with an attached Memorandum of Understanding, which provides clarification with respect to the application of the Convention in specified cases. Also transmitted for the information of the Senate is the report of the Department of State with respect to the Convention. 　　This Convention, which is similar to tax treaties between the United States and other OECD nations, provides maximum rates of tax to be applied to various types of income and protection from double taxation of income. The Convention also provides for exchange of information to prevent fiscal evasion and sets forth standard rules to limit the benefits of the Convention to persons that are not engaged in treaty shopping. 　　I recommend that the Senate give early and favorable consideration to this Convention and give its advice and consent to ratification. WILLIAM J. CLINTON.